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渤海明珠天津城，今天迎來600歲生日。由人口稀疏的“直沽寨”，到如今成爲上千萬人口的繁華大都市，600年裏發生了翻天覆地的變化。回首過去，歷次的行政區域變遷，訴說着城市勃勃的生機。
Tianjin,a brilliant city near BoHai with a history of 600 years,has developed to aprosperous metropolis fromZhiGuZhai with sparse population.The changes of its district demonstrate the thriving vitality and significant development.
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| 清光緒二十八年（1902）以後的直隸總督衙門，地點在河北窯窪。 |
軍事要塞 Militantford(Wei)
明永樂二年(1404)，始設天津衛。“衛”是明朝的一種軍隊建制，它與“所”一起形成明朝軍隊的基本建制。《明吏·兵志》載：“天下既定，度要害地，系一郡者設所，連郡者設衛。大率五千六百人爲衛，千一百二十人爲千戶所，百十有二人爲百戶所。”衛、所都隸屬於都司(相當於今省一級的軍事領導機構)，各都司又分別歸中央的五軍都督府(左、右、中、前、後等軍都督府)統轄。
In 1404,Tianjin was founded as Wei,which was a military organizational system in MingDynasty and constituted the foundational organizational system in the army together with Suo.According to history,a Wei comprises 5600 people,QianHuSuo comprises 1200 people,and BaiHuoSuo comprises 120.Wei and Suo were the subsidiaries of DuSi,a provincial military leading organization nowadays,which was governed by central military organization.
自永樂二年至永樂四年，天津共設三衛：天津衛、天津左衛、天津右衛。衛的指揮機構爲衛指揮使司，官吏設置爲：指揮使1人，正三品；指揮同知2人，從三品；指揮僉事4人，正四品；鎮撫司鎮撫2人，從五品。
From 1404 to 1406,Tianjin had established 3 Weis:Tianjin Wei,Tianjin left Wei and Tianjin right Wei.The commanding organization of Wei was Weizhihuishi.There were 4 levels in it.
衛所士兵的職責主要是保衛京師，屯田也是重要任務。天津三衛共立屯堡143個，分散在靜海、興濟、南皮、青縣、滄州等州縣境內，分派軍士耕種閒曠土地。
The major responsibility of the soldiers in Wei and Suo was guarding the capital and farming.Three Tunbaos were founded in those three Weis,which were located in Jinghai, Xingji, Nanpi, Qingxian, Cangzhou, where the soldiers were allocated to farm.
隨着人口漸多，商業發展，事務漸繁，糾紛時常發生，以軍事爲主的衛所已不能治理軍民混淆兼有商業化的城市。爲了治理好天津這個日益發展的軍事衝要，明廷在此陸續設官、設衙，建學，或將外地官、衙遷津。
With the increase of population and the development of commerce, various affairs and conflict occurred. And WeiSuo established for military purpose could no longer run such city as the combination of military ford and commerce. Inorder to administrate Tianjin, the government of Ming Dynasty established Official, Military, Education here and transferred officials in other areas to Tianjin.
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